Certified Crop Advisor Practice Exam

What role does organic matter play in soil health?

1. It primarily adds weight to the soil

2. It acts as an anchor for roots

3. It influences water retention and nutrient supply

4. It reduces soil temperature

The correct answer is: It influences water retention and nutrient supply

Organic matter plays a crucial role in soil health by significantly influencing water retention and nutrient supply. It improves soil structure, allowing for better aeration and drainage, which is essential for root development and overall plant health. Organic matter increases the soil's ability to hold water, acting like a sponge, which is particularly beneficial in times of drought. Additionally, it serves as a reservoir for nutrients, as it can store and release essential elements like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium that plants need for growth. Moreover, organic matter contributes to a balanced soil ecosystem by supporting beneficial microorganisms that aid in decomposition and nutrient cycling. The presence of organic matter enhances the biological activity within the soil, which is vital for maintaining soil fertility and structure over time. Such active biological processes improve the soil's ability to sustain plant life and contribute to long-term agricultural productivity. In contrast, simply adding weight to the soil does not provide the same benefits as organic matter, which actively contributes to soil functionality. While it can provide physical structure, the primary importance of organic matter is its role in enhancing the soil's chemical and biological properties. Acting as an anchor for roots is a secondary function; while good soil structure is important for root support, it is not the main role of organic matter. Additionally